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The barong Tagalog is a traditional embroidered long-sleeved formal shirt for men and a national dress of the Philippines. 

Design and Material:

The barong Tagalog is usually made from sheer, lightweight, and stiff fabric known as nipis. Nipis is typically woven from piña (pineapple) or abacá (banana plant) fibers. It features long sleeves, embroidery, and is buttoned either halfway or straight down the chest. Barong tagalog is worn loosely and has slits on both sides. Modern versions may use materials like organza silk, ramie, or polyester.

Worn with:

An undershirt called kamison or kamiseta (which can have short or long sleeves) is worn beneath the barong Tagalog. It is paired with belted trousers and dress shoes. Headgear options include a salakot or a buntal hat.

Origins:

The barong Tagalog combines elements from both precolonial native Filipino and colonial Spanish clothing styles. It was worn universally among Christianised lowlanders throughout the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. The name “barong Tagalog” was coined to distinguish it as a native dress, as opposed to European and other foreign style.

The Filipiniana dress, also known as the terno, is a traditional and elegant ensemble worn by Filipinas during special occasions. 

Camisa or Baro (Top):

The camisa, also called “baro,” forms the upper part of the dress. It features intricate hand-embroidery and typically has voluminous bell or pagoda-shaped sleeves. The camisa was traditionally made from pineapple fiber (piña) or muslin.

Kamison or Corpiño (Chemise):

The kamison is an undershirt worn beneath the camisa. It provides additional layers and comfort.

Bolero:

Traditional Filipino garment typically worn over formal dress or Kamison. It is characterised by its cropped length and often intricate embroidery or embellishment that reflect Filipino cultural motif and craftsmanship.

Pañuelo or Alampay (Scarf):

The pañuelo, also known as alampay, is a folded rectangular piece of fabric worn over the shoulders. It adds elegance to the ensemble.

Manggas (Sleeves):

The terno’s iconic feature is its butterfly-shaped sleeves, which are often oversized and eye-catching. Modern versions may replace the butterfly-shaped sleeves with puff sleeves.

Saya (Skirt):

The saya is a floor-length skirt that complements the top. It can be made from various fabrics and may have intricate embroidery or patterns.

Inaguas or Naguas (Cotton Slip):

Underneath the skirt, there’s usually a cotton slip called inaguas or naguas. It provides volume and structure.

Tapis or Sobre Falda (Over Skirt):

The tapis is an additional layer wrapped over the skirt. It adds flair and can have contrasting fabric patterns.

The Filipiniana dress represents cultural pride and elegance, making it a timeless symbol of Philippine identity.